Recommendations for the prevention of coronary heart disease
Most preventive interventions target one risk factor (RF), but several have attempted to simultaneously change several RFs. Theoretically, the possibility of synergism among RFs can lead to a significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
Multifactorial interventions have greatly contributed to the understanding of cardiovascular risk (CCP), as well as increased knowledge of the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of intervention strategies, but their results were different. It is obvious that multifactorial intervention can reduce the level of FR, and this reduction can be long-lasting. In the Belgian study, which was part of the World Health Organization European Collaborative Trial in the Multifactorial Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease, the intervention program consisted of staff counseling on nutrition, smoking and FA and led to a significant reduction in predictors of coronary risk compared to the control group . This effect has been persistent for 5 years.
The overall result of multifactorial interventions is a change in the levels of DF or indicators of total risk scales in the intervention group. However, these changes did not always translate into a reduction in the frequency of events. These discrepancies can be explained by the fact that the intervention was too small or the patients in the control group also changed their lifestyle for the better over time. However, it is clear from these studies that by using simultaneous multifactorial interventions, CCP can be reduced if the planned interventions are large enough and adequately implemented.
In the analysis of 7 multifactorial interventions, changes in the multiple logistical risk function were compared with a reduction in the risk of CHD. A strong linear relationship suggests that if the risk factor (DF) does change, the frequency of events will also decrease.